{"id":23255,"date":"2024-03-18T14:16:42","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T13:16:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ggba.swiss\/epfl-develops-sustainable-plastics-from-agricultural-waste\/"},"modified":"2024-03-18T14:19:45","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T13:19:45","slug":"epfl-developpe-des-plastiques-durables-a-partir-de-dechets-agricoles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ggba.swiss\/fr\/epfl-developpe-des-plastiques-durables-a-partir-de-dechets-agricoles\/","title":{"rendered":"L’EPFL d\u00e9veloppe des plastiques durables \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets agricoles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dans un paysage industriel en constante \u00e9volution, la recherche de mat\u00e9riaux respectueux de l’environnement est de plus en plus cruciale. Les plastiques, qui sont omnipr\u00e9sents dans notre vie quotidienne, posent des probl\u00e8mes environnementaux importants, en grande partie \u00e0 cause de leur production \u00e0 base de combustibles fossiles et de leurs processus d’\u00e9limination difficiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La recherche pionni\u00e8re de l’EPFL<\/a>, men\u00e9e par l’\u00e9quipe de Jeremy Luterbacher et publi\u00e9e dans Nature Sustainability, se concentre sur la conversion des restes de biomasse en polyamides – des plastiques solides et durables mieux connus sous le nom de nylons. En utilisant un noyau de sucre extrait de r\u00e9sidus agricoles, cette m\u00e9thode pr\u00e9sente une solution \u00e9cologique pour rigidifier les plastiques tout en conservant leurs qualit\u00e9s de performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les plastiques typiques d’origine fossile ont besoin de groupes aromatiques pour \u00eatre rigides, ce qui leur conf\u00e8re des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s telles que la duret\u00e9 et la r\u00e9sistance aux temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es \u00bb, explique M. Luterbacher. \u00ab Notre approche permet d’obtenir des r\u00e9sultats similaires en utilisant une structure de sucre, une ressource naturellement abondante et non toxique. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’\u00e9quipe, dont l’auteur principal Lorenz Manker, a mis au point un processus sans catalyseur qui transforme le xylose dim\u00e9thylglyoxylate, d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du bois ou des rafles de ma\u00efs, en polyamides de premi\u00e8re qualit\u00e9 avec une efficacit\u00e9 atomique remarquable de 97 %. Ce rendement \u00e9lev\u00e9 garantit un minimum de d\u00e9chets, ce qui repr\u00e9sente une am\u00e9lioration substantielle par rapport aux m\u00e9thodes traditionnelles de production de plastique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une avanc\u00e9e dans la science des mat\u00e9riaux<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Les polyamides biosourc\u00e9s qui en r\u00e9sultent rivalisent avec les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de leurs homologues \u00e0 base de combustibles fossiles, ce qui les rend adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 un large \u00e9ventail d’applications, des composants automobiles aux biens de consommation. Ces mat\u00e9riaux ont notamment fait preuve d’une remarquable r\u00e9silience lors d’essais de recyclage m\u00e9canique, conservant leur int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et leurs performances sur plusieurs cycles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des \u00e9valuations pr\u00e9liminaires indiquent que le prix de ces polyamides durables pourrait \u00eatre comp\u00e9titif par rapport aux polyamides standard, tels que le nylon 66, tout en r\u00e9duisant de mani\u00e8re significative le potentiel de r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te, jusqu’\u00e0 75 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet de commercialisation de ces mat\u00e9riaux est d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fribourgeoise Bloom Biorenewables augmentant sa production afin d’introduire ces plastiques durables sur le march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce projet est soutenu par des collaborateurs de la HES-SO<\/a>, de l’Institut des mat\u00e9riaux de l’EPFL, de l’EPFL Valais-Wallis<\/a> et de l’Universit\u00e9 de Manchester.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des scientifiques de l’EPFL ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une nouvelle m\u00e9thode pour produire des plastiques de haute performance \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets agricoles, offrant une alternative plus verte aux mat\u00e9riaux traditionnels d\u00e9riv\u00e9s des combustibles fossiles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[847],"tags":[1155,1165,1162,1145,1149,1139],"class_list":["post-23255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agroalimentaire","tag-advanced-manufacturing-fr-2","tag-agritech-fr-2","tag-education-en-fr","tag-foodtech-fr-2","tag-materials-fr-2","tag-sustainability-fr-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'EPFL d\u00e9veloppe des plastiques \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets agricoles<\/title>\n<meta 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